World Education Connect Multidisciplinary e-Publication, Vol. VI, Issue X (October 2026), pp.260-263
Gwendolyn Quezada Balisi
San Guillermo Isabela
Introduction
The family constitutes one of the most important environments in a child's development. During the early elementary years, children develop fundamental social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral competencies through their interactions with parents, teachers, siblings, and peers. A stable and supportive family environment can contribute significantly to children's sense of security, self-confidence, emotional regulation, and ability to participate successfully in school activities.
However, family circumstances vary considerably. One situation that may affect children's adjustment is parental separation. When parents separate, children may experience changes in living arrangements, routines, parental involvement, economic circumstances, and relationships with family members. These changes do not necessarily result in behavioral problems in every child, but they may create circumstances that make adjustment more difficult for some pupils.
Grade 1 pupils are particularly important in this context because they are transitioning from the home and early childhood environment into formal schooling. They are expected to follow classroom rules, interact appropriately with classmates, sustain attention, perform assigned tasks, and develop increasing independence. Because these expectations require emotional and behavioral adjustment, family-related difficulties may become noticeable in the school setting.
Behavioral problems among young pupils may be manifested in different ways. Some pupils may become unusually quiet, withdrawn, fearful, or emotionally sensitive. Others may display aggression, irritability, defiance, excessive talking, difficulty following instructions, inattentiveness, crying, or problems interacting with classmates. These behaviors may have multiple causes, and parental separation should not automatically be considered the sole cause of a child's difficulties.
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