Introduction
Education in the primary grades provides the foundation upon which learners develop essential knowledge, skills, attitudes, and learning habits. Grade 1 is particularly important because it represents a major transition in children's educational experiences. At this stage, learners begin to encounter more structured academic tasks while continuing to require meaningful interaction, concrete experiences, movement, play, encouragement, and appropriate scaffolding. Consequently, the teaching strategies used in the classroom can have an important role in sustaining learners' attention, participation, understanding, and academic development.
Traditional teacher-centered instruction may not always address the varied learning needs of young learners. Grade 1 pupils differ in their prior experiences, language abilities, interests, pace of learning, attention span, and preferred ways of engaging with classroom activities. For this reason, teachers increasingly employ instructional approaches that provide opportunities for learners to participate actively in the learning process.
DOI https://zenodo.org/records/23587704