World Education Connect Multidisciplinary e-Publication, Vol. VI, Issue X (October 2026), pp.347-351
ROMERLYN B. QUELIZA
Teacher III/ Giayan Elementary School
Abstract
This quantitative descriptive-comparative study evaluated the effectiveness of School-Based Management (SBM) and identified operational challenges across public elementary schools in Dupax del Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Utilizing an Input-Process-Output framework, data were gathered from 69 school heads and 207 teachers (N = 276) using a validated five-point Likert scale questionnaire derived from Department of Education assessment standards. Descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-tests were employed to evaluate implementation levels and perceptual differences between administrators and teaching personnel. Results revealed an overall grand weighted mean of 3.38 for school heads and 2.93 for teachers, both indicating SBM implementation is "Operating with Some Difficulties." Significant perceptual divergence occurred in School Leadership (t = 1.815, p < .05), School-Based Resources (t = 3.481, p < .05), and School Performance Accountability (t = 2.329, p < .05), where school heads consistently rated operational capacity higher than teachers. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in internal stakeholder, external stakeholder, and school improvement domains. Main implementation barriers centered on insufficient budget alignment (M = 4.25) and limited external stakeholder mobilization (M = 3.45). To bridge administrative-pedagogical gaps, a targeted SBM strengthening framework emphasizing fiscal transparency, participatory SIP planning, and structured capacity-building is urgently required.
Keywords: School-based management, educational governance, leadership, stakeholders.
The World Education Connect Multidisciplinary e-Publication is a reputable, refereed, and peer-reviewed international journal. It is dedicated to fostering academic excellence and promoting interdisciplinary research across diverse fields. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including education, psychology, science, technology, social sciences, humanities, and more, providing a platform for scholars and researchers to share their knowledge and insights.
In addition, the publication places a special emphasis on the promotion and development of the Filipino language, contributing to its growth and recognition in the global academic community.
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