Introduction
Education is a continuing process that requires teachers to develop their knowledge, skills, professional judgment, and instructional competencies. As curriculum expectations and learners’ needs evolve, teachers must continuously improve their teaching practices to ensure meaningful, relevant, and learner-centered instruction. Professional development provides opportunities for teachers to examine their classroom experiences, acquire new strategies, collaborate with colleagues, and respond to emerging educational demands.
In the Philippine basic education system, the Department of Education recognizes the importance of continuing professional development and training for teachers. DepEd Order No. 32, s. 2011 establishes guidelines for training and development activities, emphasizing the identification of personnel needs, program planning, resource development, implementation, and evaluation. DepEd Order No. 35, s. 2016 likewise promotes the Learning Action Cell (LAC) as a school-based continuing professional development strategy intended to improve teaching practice and learner achievement.
DOI https://zenodo.org/records/23466798