Introduction
Early childhood is a critical period in human development. During this stage, children develop foundational skills in language, communication, early literacy, numeracy, physical coordination, social interaction, emotional regulation, and independent learning. Experiences during kindergarten can influence how children adjust to formal schooling and acquire the competencies necessary for continued educational progress.
Kindergarten serves as an important transition between home-based learning and the more structured learning environment of elementary education. It provides children with opportunities to explore their surroundings, communicate ideas, interact with classmates, follow routines, solve simple problems, and develop positive attitudes toward learning. Effective kindergarten instruction recognizes that children develop at different rates and that performance should be interpreted in relation to age-appropriate developmental expectations.
In the Philippine basic education system, kindergarten is an integral component of basic education. Republic Act No. 10157, otherwise known as the Kindergarten Education Act, established kindergarten education as part of the country's basic education system. Republic Act No. 10533, or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, further provides the broader legal framework for the K to 12 Basic Education Program.
DOI https://zenodo.org/records/23657876